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standardized test
A standardized test is a test that is administered and scored in a consistent, or "standard", manner. Standardized tests are designed in such a way that the questions, conditions for administering, scoring procedures, and interpretations are consistent〔Sylvan Learning glossary, retrieved online, source no longer available〕 and are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner.〔Popham, W.J. (1999). Why standardized tests don’t measure educational quality. ''Educational Leadership, 56''(6), 8–15.〕
Any test in which the same test is given in the same manner to all test takers is a standardized test. Standardized tests do not need to be high-stakes tests, time-limited tests, or multiple-choice tests. The opposite of standardized testing is ''non-standardized testing'', in which either significantly different tests are given to different test takers, or the same test is assigned under significantly different conditions (e.g., one group is permitted far less time to complete the test than the next group) or evaluated differently (e.g., the same answer is counted right for one student, but wrong for another student).
Standardized tests are perceived as being more fair than non-standardized tests, because everyone gets the same test and the same grading system. This is more fair than a system in which some students get an easier test and others get a more difficult test. The consistency also permits more reliable comparison of outcomes across all test takers, because everyone is taking the same test.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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